Abstract
Ecosystems and human health are both significantly impacted by soil contamination which is a serious environmental problem. It entails the presence of variety of organic and inorganic compounds, including radionuclides, phthalates, pesticides, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These toxins come from places like mining operations, manufacturing facilities, agricultural operations, and waste management systems. It is a difficult undertaking that necessitates the use of effective and eco-friendly technology to remediate contaminated soils. A potential method for improving bioremediation is the employment of microbial consortia, which are groups of various microbial species or genera. Microbial groups can work together through interactions to degrade a variety of contaminants and they can also change their composition or activity to respond to shifting environmental conditions. There has been evidence that some types of bacteria, fungi, and algae can degrade soil contaminants. The creation and application of microbial consortia for soil bioremediation still face difficulties and information gaps, though. These involve comprehending and enhancing metabolic interactions and pathways, enhancing the bioavailability and biodegradability of pollutants, and evaluating the ecological impacts and hazards of introducing bacteria. In this study, the potential of microbial consortia for the bioremediation of soil contaminants is highlighted, along with information on the benefits, drawbacks, and potential future directions for research and development.
Keywords: contaminated soil, microbial consortia, remediation, soil health and contaminants